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Voters from Latino (immigrants from Latin America and their descendants) and Hispanic (people whose heritage is from Spanish-speaking countries) backgrounds to Donald Trump’s resounding victory over Kamala Harris in the US presidential election.

Overall, Trump of the Latino vote to 45% nationwide, up substantially from 32% in his 2020 loss to Joe Biden.

About of the voters in this group supported Harris, down from the who voted for Biden in 2020. The shift is an outstanding political feat for the Republican candidate, especially considering Trump’s uneasy and frequently antagonistic relationship with Latino and Hispanic communities.

So why did so many Latino and Hispanic voters back Trump?

Nightmares and dreams

It might seem illogical that Trump strengthened his backing among Latino and Hispanic voters, given his , his threat to enact mass deportations of illegal immigrants, and his frequently blatant .

Politics, however, is not a realm of pure reason. play a role, too.

Trump’s surge among Latino and Hispanic voters can be traced back to nightmares and dreams never far from voters’ minds.

Many of these voters left the nightmare of poverty behind in their countries of origin. Their dreams are rooted in traditional (mainly masculine) stories about prosperity in the “land of the free”.

‘Love’, insults and slander

Trump has boasted about how much he “loves” Latinos and Hispanics. His actions, however, mostly disprove his words.

When Trump launched his in 2015, he called Mexicans “rapists” who were “bringing drugs” and “crime” into the US.

He claimed this problem was “coming from all over South and Latin America”.

He also “a great, great wall” on the US southern border, for which Mexico was meant to pay, to stop undocumented immigrants.

In the third and last 2016 presidential debate, he labelled Latino and Hispanic men, without any nuance or evidence, as “” who constantly smuggle drugs into the US.

During his first term in office, the Trump administration then implemented policies that specifically hurt Latino and Hispanic communities.

These included a “” illegal immigration approach, which separated parents from their children.

In November 2023, he argued this served as an , foreshadowing that this policy may return if he was re-elected.

In his 2024 campaign, Trump immigrants were “poisoning the blood” of the US.

He again vowed to crack down on immigration, promising of some 11 million undocumented people.

At a Trump rally a week ago, comedian Tony Hinchcliffe then to a “floating island of garbage.” Trump told he had not heard the remark and stopped short of denouncing it.

The rainbow of Latino and Hispanic pluralism

Why would Latino and Hispanic voters support a candidate who so candidly has shown his contempt for them?

A recent provides some clues.

Over 40% among these Latino and Hispanic voters supported both Trump’s pledge to continue building a wall along the Mexico border and his deportation plans.

About 63% said they do not “feel like he is talking about me” when Trump discusses immigration.

Latino and Hispanic voters are frequently clustered as a distinct ethnic and cultural group in .

They are contrasted, for example, against “white”, “Black” or “Asian” voters.

Latinos and Hispanics, however, are in national origin, class, ethnic and gender characteristics. They are not a monolith, but rather a rainbow.

There were Latinos and Hispanics living in the US in 2021, about 19% of the total population.

An estimated this year, representing 15% of potential voters.

Latinos and Hispanics also make up a large share of voters in such as Nevada, Arizona and Pennsylvania.

Their wide variety of backgrounds, however, underscores why grouping them as a uniform bloc is flawed.

In 2021, in the US by national origin were:

• Mexicans (37.2 million)
• Puerto Ricans (5.8 million)
• Salvadorans (2.5 million)
• Dominicans (2.4 million)
• Cubans (2.4 million).

The experience of immigration and life in the US is different for each of these groups. Their response to the political campaigns would also be different.

The myth of ‘Comrade Kamala’

It’s too early to say for sure what drove voter patterns in each community. But we can venture a few hypotheses.

Trump, for example, falsely portrayed Harris as a committed communist, such as in this post on X (which garnered over 81 million views):

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump)

For Latino immigrants coming from countries under authoritarian regimes, such as Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua, this messaging recalls memories of the situation they fled.

“I will deliver the best future for Puerto Ricans and Hispanic Americans. Kamala will deliver you poverty and crime,” Trump told his supporters .

Playing on the fears of a “communist” system under Harris was likely a successful strategy. The leftist regimes in many Latinos’ countries of origin are seen as a threat to their economic security.

Kamala, ‘evil woman’

Gender also played a major role in Trump’s victory. Trump , who fear women’s gains in equality. Latino and Hispanic men .

A viral campaign video showed Trump dancing to the famous salsa theme “Juliana”. The lyrics were modified though, simply describing Harris as “mala” (evil).

A showed a vast gender gap between Trump and Harris voters. While women backed the Democrats 58% to 37%, men supported Republicans 52% to 40%.

This played out specifically among Latinos in the election, too. by the Associated Press, 47% of Latino men supported Trump in the election, compared to 38% of Latino women.

Trump tapped into ideals of masculinity and hierarchy that, while not exclusive to Latino and Hispanic men, uphold the promise of a return to traditional gender models.

Many men are angry about losing their former privileges. They expressed their nostalgia for (and corresponding female submission) in the polls.

, Senior Lecturer in Human Rights, Constitutional Law and Legal Theory,

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